Chosen Solution
This cable’s “head” broke, you can see the cable and the relative port in the pic.
What was it for? Was it power? I wanted to turn the macbook into a “desktop” but if that was the power cable I’m kinda screwed
Nope, it looks like you luckily just pulled the microphone cables from their connector, not a big deal, you can buy a replacement with a small expense here: https://www.ifixit.com/Store/Mac/MacBook… Before proceeding further with your spring cleaning, I’d recommend you take a look at your model’s relevant guides, they cover every important part and show how what you need to lift and what to pull. MacBook Pro 13" Unibody Mid 2010 Repair
As much as you want to turn a sows ear into a silk purse its just not possible! I would fix the system up and if you really want a desktop system look at getting a used iMac or Mac Mini.