Chosen Solution
I put in a battery from my 2010 air and the cpu was locked at 800 MHz with no service battery indicators but when I put my original battery back into the computer it said service battery and didn’t throttle. Are all MacBook Air batteries interchangeable or will it cause my computer to throttle?
More than likely this is a sensor issue. Even if the battery fits and powers the unit, the board is expecting a specific reading from the battery and it’s getting something different, or not getting anything at all. If the SMC (system management controller) receives unexpected/bad/missing sensor data this is the sort of behavior I would expect. CPU throttled to 800 mHz and possibly also maximum fan spin. The iFixit store actually lists these batteries as independent units. Probably for this reason. The 2010 unit takes a different battery than all the other 11” MacBook Airs.
(Got this from the web) MacBook Air 11" batteries are electrically compatible with all models. The 2010 battery (A1406) connector is physically in a different location and will not fit in the housing of the 2011-2015 battery (A1495). The 2010-2012 battery has a 35 Wh capacity vs the 2013-2015 at 38 Wh.